Flood
![[[Urban flooding](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Urban_flood_cropped.jpg)
Natural types of floods include river flooding, groundwater flooding coastal flooding and urban flooding sometimes known as flash flooding. Tidal flooding may include elements of both river and coastal flooding processes in estuary areas. There is also the intentional flooding of land that would otherwise remain dry. This may take place for agricultural, military, or river-management purposes. For example, agricultural flooding may occur in preparing paddy fields for the growing of semi-aquatic rice in many countries.
Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, sea or ocean. In these cases, the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries. Flooding may also occur due to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground. This is called an ''areal flood''. The size of a lake or other body of water naturally varies with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt. Those changes in size are however not considered a flood unless they flood property or drown domestic animals.
Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if these buildings are in the natural flood plains of rivers. People could avoid riverine flood damage by moving away from rivers. However, people in many countries have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile. Also, the rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry.
Flooding can damage property and also lead to secondary impacts. These include in the short term an increased spread of waterborne diseases and vector-bourne disesases, for example those diseases transmitted by mosquitos. Flooding can also lead to long-term displacement of residents. Floods are an area of study of hydrology and hydraulic engineering.
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Published 1991
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“...Flood, James....”
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Published 1984
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“...Flood, James....”
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Published 2007
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“...Flood, Richard, 1943-...”
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Published 1989
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“...Flood...”
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Published 1969
“...Conference on Flood Plain Management (...”
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Published 1994
“...International Conference on River Flood Hydraulics (...”
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Published 1992
“...International Conference on Floods and Flood Management (...”
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Published 1992
“...International Conference on Floods and Flood Management (...”
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Published 2006
“...International Symposium on Flood Defence Nijmegen, The Netherlands)....”
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Published 2005
“...International Expert Meeting on Urban Flood Management Rotterdam, Netherlands)...”
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