Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr () as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title ''al-Fārūq'' upon him, for his judgements. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr () as the first caliph and served as the closest adviser to the latter until August 634, when the dying Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.
Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.
Umar is generally viewed by historians to be one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He is revered in the Sunni Islamic tradition as a great just ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues, and some hadiths identify him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr. However, he is viewed negatively in the Twelver Shia tradition. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Abdul Rahman, Nor'aini, Hafid, Halimatun Saadiah, Omar, Farah Nadia, Mohd Yasin, Nazlina Haiza, Hassan, Mohd Ali
Published 2014
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Conference or Workshop Item
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by Ismail, Lili Asma, Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal, Abdul Rahman, Hejar, Omar, Nazri, Midi, Habshah, Ariffin, Azrin Esmady
Published 2011
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Conference or Workshop Item
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by Ramli, Johari, Syed, Mohd Arif, Arshad, Juzu Hayati, Muse, Radzali, Shamaan, Nor Aripin, Omar, Ismail, Karuppan, Jeeven
Published 1999
View full textPublished 1999
Monograph
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by Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi, Lai, Kit Yee, Abdul Rahman, Sheikh Omar, Smith, A. L., Lam, Y. M.
Published 1999
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by Islam, R., Ideris, Aini, Kasim, Azhar, Omar, Abdul Rahman, Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin, Farhana Yasmin,, Akter, Yeasmin
Published 2014
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Article
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