Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr () as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title ''al-Fārūq'' upon him, for his judgements. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr () as the first caliph and served as the closest adviser to the latter until August 634, when the dying Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.
Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.
Umar is generally viewed by historians to be one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He is revered in the Sunni Islamic tradition as a great just ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues, and some hadiths identify him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr. However, he is viewed negatively in the Twelver Shia tradition. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Noor Azmi M. S., Lim, F. H., Omar A. R., Idris A. S., Nor Fakhrana I., Ahmad Parveez G. K.
Published 2022
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Proceedings Paper
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by Mohamad Zaini Suleiman, Saadon Kasmon, Omar Hj Abd Basid (Pusat Penyelidikan Ikan Air Tawar, Batu Berendam, Melaka (Malaysia))
Published 2013
View full textPublished 2013
Proceedings Paper
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by Ahmad Zairy Zainol Abidin, Hairazi Rahim, Rosnani Harun, Mohd Syauqi Nazmi, Nik Rahimah Nik Omar, Alam Abd Rahman
Published 2023
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Journal Contribution
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by Noor Azira Abdul Mutalib, Ungku Fatimah Ungku Zainal Abidin, Syaliza Omar, Jinap Selamat, Suhaila Abdul Rashid, Maimunah Sanny
Published 2024
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Journal Contribution
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by Tayamon, Shahedeh, Tiekink, Edward R. T., Omar, Siti Aminah, Ravoof, Thahira Begum S. A., Mohamed Tahir, Mohamed Ibrahim, Crouse, Karen Anne
Published 2014
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Article
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by Adnan, Aziera, Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah, Loh, Sandy Hwei San, Ting, Kang Nee, Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi, Omar, Mohamed Ariff
Published 2012
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Conference or Workshop Item
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by Omar, Abdul Rahman, Ideris, Aini, Bejo, Mohd Hair, Jamaluddin, A. A., S. H., Sharifah, Yusoff, Khatijah, Darus, A., Kono, Y.
Published 2001
View full textPublished 2001
Conference or Workshop Item