Umar
![Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the [[Hagia Sophia]], Istanbul](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Hagia_Sopia_6163502494_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title ''al-Fārūq'' upon him, for his judgements. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr () as the first caliph and served as the closest adviser to the latter until August 634, when the dying Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.
Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.
Umar is generally viewed by historians to be one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He is revered in the Sunni Islamic tradition as a great just ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues, and some hadiths identify him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr. However, he is viewed negatively in the Twelver Shia tradition. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Nik Rahimah Nik Omar, Engku Elini Engku Ariff, Rasmuna Mazwan Muhammad, Hairazi Rahim, Nor Amna A’liah Mohammad Nor, Mohd Syauqi Nazmi, Ahmad Zairy Zainol Abidin, Nurul Huda Sulaiman
Published 2023
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by Baiee, Falah Hasan Ali, Haron, Abd Wahid, Yusoff, Rosnina, Omar, Mohamed Ariff, Degu, Nurhusien Yimer, Jeber, Zaid Khuder Mahmood, Abdelbagi, Tarig Abdelrouf Ahmedeltayeb, Ghareeb, Salman Hammadi, Mada, Khumran Armiya'u
Published 2017
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by Baiee, Falah Hasan Ali, Haron, Abd Wahid, Yusoff, Rosnina, Omar, Mohamed Ariff, Degu, Nurhusien Yimer, Mada, Khumran Armiya'u, Jeber, Zaid Khuder Mahmood, Ghareeb, Salman Hammadi, Abdelbagi, Tarig Abdelrouf Ahmedeltayeb
Published 2016
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by Baiee, Falah Hasan Ali, Haron, Abd Wahid, Yusoff, Rosnina, Omar, Mohamed Ariff, Degu, Nurhusien Yimer, Mada, Khumran Armiya'u, Jeber, Zaid Khuder Mahmood, Ghareeb, Salman Hammadi, Abdelbagi, Tarig Abdelrouf Ahmedeltayeb
Published 2015
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by Mohammed Haque Akanda Jahurul, Md. Eaqub Ali, Wahidu Zzaman, Ghafoor, K., Nik Norulaini Nik Abd. Rahman, Sahena F., Zaidul I. S. M., Mohd. Omar Abd. Kadir, Hasmadi Mamat, Sharifudin Md. Shaarani
Published 2019
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Journal Contribution