Umar
![Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the [[Hagia Sophia]], Istanbul](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Hagia_Sopia_6163502494_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title ''al-Fārūq'' upon him, for his judgements. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr () as the first caliph and served as the closest adviser to the latter until August 634, when the dying Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.
Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.
Umar is generally viewed by historians to be one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He is revered in the Sunni Islamic tradition as a great just ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues, and some hadiths identify him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr. However, he is viewed negatively in the Twelver Shia tradition. Provided by Wikipedia
3521
Published 2006
Other Authors:
“...Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee, 1962-....”
Book
3522
3523
3524
Published 2001
Other Authors:
“...Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee, 1962-....”
Book
3525
3526
Published 2000
Other Authors:
“...Fuentes, Omar...”
Book
3527
3528
Published 2001
Other Authors:
“...Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee, 1962-....”
Conference Proceeding
Book
3529
Published 2008
Other Authors:
“...Ibrahim Che Omar....”
Book
3530
Published 2008
Other Authors:
“...Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee, 1962-....”
Book
3531
3532
Published 2006
Other Authors:
“...Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee, 1962-....”
Book
3533
Published 2005
Other Authors:
“...Idris Omar....”
Conference Proceeding
Book
3534
Published 2010
Other Authors:
“...Idris Omar....”
Book
3535
3536
3537
Published 2003
Other Authors:
“...Manasreh, Mahmoud Omar....”
Book
3538
Published 2002
Other Authors:
“...Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee, 1962-....”
Book
3539
3540
Published 2009
Other Authors:
“...Hasuria Che Omar....”
Conference Proceeding
Book