TY  - THES
TY  - BOOK
T1  - Level of fluoride in drinking water and its relationship with urinary fluoride among thirteen year-old school children in a scondary school in Kuala Lumpur
A1  - Faiz Amin Aminuddin
A2  - Goh, Soo Ling.
LA  - English
UL  - http://discoverylib.upm.edu.my/discovery/Record/46306
AB  - A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the level of fluoride in drinking water and its relationship with urine among thirteen year-old school children in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Aminuddin Bald, Kuala Lumpur. Drinking water and urine samples were collected from respondents for three consecutive days. The level of fluoride in drinking water and urine were analyzed by SPADNS method using the spectrophotometer HACH DR/2500. Questionnaires were administered to obtain the demographic data. A total of 65 respondents were recruited into this study, where 41 were males while 24 were females. Results showed that the mean level of fluoride in drinking water was 0.34 ± SD 0.20 mg L-1and the mean for urinary fluoride was 1.37 ± SD 0.39 mg L-1. The fluoride level in drinking water, 39 (60.0%) samples were underranged, 19 (29.2%) were normal and while 7 (10.8%) were overranged. All urinary fluoride level were within the normal range. Based on the Pearson test, there was no significant relationship between level of fluoride in drinking water and urine (p = 0.694). Independent samples t-test showed that there was no significant difference in urinary fluoride content between males and females (p= 0.082), while one-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in fluoride levels at different sampling locations (P = 0.514). It was concluded that there are other sources of fluoride intake such as foods and beverages and not only specified to fluoridated drinking water. Key word: fluoride, drinking water, urine, school children, Kuala Lumpur
NO  - A second year (Package 11) project dissertation.
CN  - FPSK1 2013 39
ER  -