TY  - THES
TY  - BOOK
T1  - Transformation of chicken manure to organic fertiliser by lactic acid bacteria via solid state fermentation
A1  - Nur Syafiqah Ahmad.
LA  - English
YR  - 2015
UL  - http://discoverylib.upm.edu.my/discovery/Record/566981
AB  - ABSTRACT

In recent years, lot of farmers are starting to practice organic farming due to the environmental issues associated with chemical fertiliser and rising awareness of consumers. Chicken manure is one of the most common organic fertilisers that used in organic farming. However, direct application of raw chicken manures may lead to diseases outbreak due to presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Studies have reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the ability to inhibit the growth of diverse range of pathogenic microorganisms. Hence, the general objective of this study is to transform raw chicken manure into organic fertiliser by LAB via solid state fermentation. Nine LAB isolates that previously isolated from various Malaysian fermented foods were assessed for their proteolytic activity by using skim milk agar hydrolysis assay. Skim milk agar well diffusion assay and quantitative assay by using azocasein as substrate under 3 different conditions that resembled acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. Meanwhile, the inhibitory activity of cell free supernatant produced by the LAB isolates were evaluated by using agar well diffusion assay against Pediococcus acidilactici 4-46 and various pathogenic microorganisms. Results obtained in the inhibitory activity assay showed that Lactobacillus sp. exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) inhibitory activity towards various microorganisms compared to Pediococcus sp. Out of the 3 tested Pediococci, P. acidilactici TP-8 demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity, whereas P. pentosaceus TB-2 and TP-6
iv
revealed significantly (p<0.05) lower inhibitory activity. On the other hand, P. acidilactici TP-8 demonstrated relatively high extracellular proteolytic activity that was comparable to other LAB isolates, whereby there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the extracellular proteolytic activity of P. acidilactici TP-8 with other LAB isolates. Therefore, P. acidilactici TP-8 was selected for subsequent experiment due to its higher inhibitory activity amongst the tested Pediococci as well as high proteolytic activity. Three different types of chicken manure (sample A, B and C) collected from different locations were fermented by using P. acidilactici TP-8 for one month. Results obtained in this study showed that the LAB count of treated samples was higher than the untreated sample but the LAB count for both treated and untreated samples decreased drastically from week 0 until week 2 and remained relatively low with approximately 2 log CFU/mL until week 4 of incubation. Meanwhile, the Enterobacteriaceae count decreased throughout the fermentation, indicating that treatment of chicken manure with P. acidilactici TP-8 could reduce the pathogenic microorganisms in the samples. Furthermore, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content of all the treated and untreated samples increased significantly throughout the fermentation. In general, the overall NPK content of the treated samples were higher than the untreated samples, suggesting that the LAB isolate were able to enhance the NPK content of chicken manure. Despite there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content of the treated and untreated sample, the treated manure contained numerically higher Ca and Mg content than the control in general, indicating the LAB isolates have the capability to enhance the Ca and Mg content of chicken manure. In contrast, the chicken manure contained trace amount of copper and iron which may exert toxicity effects towards plants in case of excessive exposure. This suggested that the treated chicken manure is safe for application as organic fertiliser. In conclusion, reduced pathogenic microorganisms population and increased N, P, K, Ca and Mg content was observed in the treated manure, inferring P. acidilactici TP-8 was a suitable candidate for transformation of chicken manure into value added and safer organic fertiliser via solid state fermentation. However, the SSF process should be further optimised for efficient transformation of chicken manure.
CN  - FBSB 2015 28
ER  -