TY  - GEN
T1  - Natural and cultural control in the management of selected cocoa pests
A1  - Azhar Ismail (Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia Hilir Perak, Teluk Intan)
LA  - English
PB  - Malaysian Plant Protection Society
YR  - 2013
UL  - http://discoverylib.upm.edu.my/discovery/Record/oai:http:--agris.upm.edu.my:0-1006
AB  - Insect pest represent one of the important constraints limiting the yield of cocoa. Although many insect species are associated with cocoa, only a few are particularly damaging. This is probably due to natural control being normally effective. Spraying of insecticides prevents many natural enemies from achieving maximum regulating potential. The balance of restored upon the adoption of a more judicious spraying programme. Natural enemies of a few cocoa pests and their roles including the possibility of manipulating antmealybug relationship to control Helopeltis are discussed. Many cultural render the environment less favourable to pest reproduction, dispersal and survival. Pruning provides some degree of control against certain species of insects such as Zenzera. Temporary circles of coconut fronds surrounding newly planted cocoa seedlings in the field act as mechanical barriers against cockchafers. Cocoa fields with patches of weeds retained in the inter-row support lower populations of cockchafers than clean weeded fields. As natural control is a natural phenomenon and culture practices have to be carried out in any case, the cost of their incorporation into the cocoa pest management system is usually, minimal. However, implementation of IPM requires wisdom and effort.
KW  - THEOBROMA CACAO
KW  - INSECTE NUISIBLE
KW  - LUTTE BIOLOGIQUE
KW  - MALAISIE/ INSECTICIDE
KW  - ENNEMI NATUREL
KW  - LUTTE CULTURALE
KW  - INSECTOS DANINOS
KW  - CONTROL BIOLOGICO
KW  - MALASIA/ INSECTICIDAS
KW  - ENEMIGOS NATURALES
KW  - CONTROL CULTURAL
ER  -