TY  - GEN
T1  - Life cycle assessment for FFB production
A1  - Zulkifli H.
LA  - English
PB  - Malaysian Palm Oil Board
YR  - 2019
UL  - http://discoverylib.upm.edu.my/discovery/Record/oai:http:--agris.upm.edu.my:0-15502
AB  - The assessment of environmental impact categories from FFB production in the oil palm plantations was carried out based on a life cycle assessment approach. The system boundary of production of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) includes the initial land use conversions, production of seedling in the nurseries and cultivation of oil palm involving upstream activities/operations until transporting of FFB to the mills. This LCA was carried out on oil palms planted previously in logged-over forest, rubber plantation and degraded land. The study applied the land us" change effect over the lifetime of an oil palm plantation (25 years) from previous land use so that production of one tonne FFB includes its share of the GHG emissions that associated with land use change from the establishment of the plantation. The peat land cultivation is not included in this study. The consumption of raw materials including energy and emissions were evaluated . using site-specific inventory data from J02 plantations to identify the processes along the upstream activity that mostly affect the environment during production of FFB. The input and output from the upstream activities was quantified on the basis of a function unit of production of J tonne FFB, where the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was determined using Sima Pro software version 7. J and the eco indicator 99 methodology. The results showed that the main environmental impacts in the upstream activities are depleted in fossil fuel, climate change, respiratory inorganics and acidification/euthrophication. The land use change, the use of nitrogenous fertilisers in the cultivation of palms and the consumption of fossil fuels for machinery used in the plantation, production of raw materials and transporting FFB to the mills were found to be the most contributors to the GHG emission in the upstream activities as well as to other impact categories.
KW  - Oil palm
KW  - Plantations
KW  - Fresh fruits
KW  - Cultivation
KW  - Land use
KW  - Seedlings
KW  - Life cycle
KW  - Nursery plants
KW  - Fertilisers
KW  - Plant production
KW  - Replanting
KW  - Acidification
KW  - ProductioN
KW  - emission
KW  - Nitrogen fertilizers
KW  - Environmental impact
KW  - Life cycle analysis
ER  -