TY  - GEN
T1  - The effect of trace mineral supplementation in low fishmeal diets on the growth performance and immune responses of the pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
A1  - Patrachotpakinkul, Kanin
LA  - English
YR  - 2023
UL  - http://discoverylib.upm.edu.my/discovery/Record/oai:http:--agris.upm.edu.my:0-22170
AB  - The issue of low fishmeal diets has been a hot-button topic in the animal industry, including the aquafeed industry, for the past thirty years due to insufficient fishmeal production and unsustainable fishery. Reducing fishmeal in diets that may lack some essential minerals, especially trace minerals such as zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium, will affect animal performance. Hence, several trace mineral concentrations in the diets of Litopenaeus vannamei were studied. The trial was assigned through a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 10 replicates. The diets with 37% crude protein were formulated and topped up with different trace mineral levels of 1x, 2x, and 3x. All diets were fed to the shrimps for 4 weeks and the results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) on all growth performance parameters. The numerical values of growth performance, however, showed an improving trend when mineral concentrations were increased. Immune responses, such as phenoloxidase activity and glutathione, showed no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05), but the phenoloxidase activity showed an increase in numerical value when the mineral concentrations were higher. Therefore, the results showed that an increase of trace mineral concentrations in the diets of the Pacific white shrimp showed a promotion of growth performance and improvements in the immune responses.
KW  - Prawns and shrimps
KW  - Low protein diets
KW  - Fish meal
KW  - Animal feeding
KW  - Trace element content
KW  - Mineral supplements
KW  - Production
KW  - Growth
KW  - Immune response
ER  -