Factors associated with vitamin D intake among pregnant women in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan /
This study was conducted to determine factors associated with vitamin D intake among pregnant women in the district of Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. A total of 314 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years old in 2nd or 3rd trimester and attended antenatal care at Seremban Health Clinic were recruited and int...
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2011.
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| Summary: | This study was conducted to determine factors associated with vitamin D intake among pregnant women in the district of Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. A total of 314 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years old in 2nd or 3rd trimester and attended antenatal care at Seremban Health Clinic were recruited and interviewed. A set of questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic background, obstetrical history, dietary intake, intake vitamin D supplements and sun exposure. Dietary intake data were analysed using Nutritionist Pro software. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 15.0. The mean age of the sample was 28.13 ± 4.63 years with 59% were between 20-29 years. Half of them (50%) were Malay and around 35% were housewives. About 56% had secondary level education and the average monthly household income was RM3142.03 ± 2017.18. More than half of the women (57%) were in third trimester and 69% had gravidity of 1 – 2. The mean parity was 1.10 ± 1.24 and nearly half (48%) had 1 – 2 children. The mean pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) was 23.65 ± 5.29 kg/ m2 with 51% of the pregnant women were normal, 21% overweight, 14% underweight and 13% obese. The mean energy intake of pregnant women in 2nd or 3rd trimester were 1347 ± 400.78 kcal (57% RNI) and 1388 ± 545.07 kcal (56%RNI) respectively. The mean calcium and vitamin D intake of respondents were 796.40 ± 619.28 mg and 11.51 ± 7.95 µg with 80% and 23% of RNI for calcium and vitamin D were met. The mean vitamin D intake from food sources and supplements were 6.55 ± 4.43 µg and 4.96 ± 5.95 µg. The mean duration of sun exposure and Weekly Sun Exposure Score were 24.15 ± 34.18 minutes per day and 8.54 ± 9.34. There were significant relationships between pre-pregnancy BMI (B = =0.256, p < 0.05) with total vitamin D intake and between calcium intake (B= 0.003, p<0.05) with total vitamin D intake. No significant relationship was found between socio-demographic factors, week of gestation, gravidity and parity, energy and fat intake as well as sun exposure with total vitamin D intake. In and parity, energy and fat intakes as well as sun exposure with total vitamin D intake. In conclusion, total vitamin D intake among pregnant women could be considered as adequate. However, as vitamin D intake was determined using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ), it could be subjected to overestimation. More studies should be conducted to further investigate the factors associated with vitamin D intake. |
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| Physical Description: | 75 leaves : ill. ; 30cm. |