Characterization and extraction of oil from indigenous fruit seed for potential cosmetic application /
The first part of the project aim to analyzed the seed oils of calamandin (Citrus Microcarpa), passion fruit (Passiflora Edulis) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria) for properties pertinent to cosmetic application. Characterization of the oils included the oil yeild, fatty acid composition, squal...
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
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| LEADER | 03886nam a22002177a 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 003 | UPM | ||
| 005 | 20180830102147.0 | ||
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| 040 | |c UPM | ||
| 090 | |a FK 2017 16 | ||
| 100 | |a Nor Azmaria Noor Azman | ||
| 245 | |a Characterization and extraction of oil from indigenous fruit seed for potential cosmetic application / |c Nor Azmaria Noor Azman | ||
| 260 | |c 2017 | ||
| 300 | |a 84p. |b ill. |c 29cm | ||
| 502 | |a Project paper (B.E. (Engineering Process and Food) - Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2017. | ||
| 520 | |a The first part of the project aim to analyzed the seed oils of calamandin (Citrus Microcarpa), passion fruit (Passiflora Edulis) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria) for properties pertinent to cosmetic application. Characterization of the oils included the oil yeild, fatty acid composition, squalene, sterols, vitamin E and total phenolic content are analyzed to try establishing the oil from the fruit seed as a potential cosmetic ingredient. The oil yield extracted in this project ranging from 8% to 20%, with the value for calamandin, bottle gourd and passion fruits are 17.2%, 8.35% and 20.22%, respectively. For fatty acid profile, all of the oil shows high unsaturation indicating a light oil characteristic which is suitables for skin penetration. Among the three oils, passionfruits seed oil contains high linoleic acid (w-6) essential fatty acid with 65.72% while calamandin and bottle ground contains 30.48% and 52.9%, respectively. Besides that, the squalene content for the three samples range from 0.154mg/g to 0.646mg/g with passionfriuts contains the highest squalene content. All oil show low squalene compared to olive which is a plant oil known for its very high squalene content. The sterols content ranges from 2.775mg/g to 0.582mg/g with the calamandin contain the highest sterol content. The highest vitamin E content and total phenolic content from the three samples show bottled guard with the highest vitamin e content with 0.149mg/g and calamandin as the highest phenolic content with 67.4mg/g. Based from the analysis such as vitamin e, phenolic content and serols, the values are caparablewith other seed oils but is not considered exceptionally high when compared with oils typically used in cosmetic such as rosehip, pomegranate, tea seed and olive. The second part of the project attempt to use surfactant assited aqueous extraction process (saaep) to extract oils from the seeds. Passionfriuts was chosen due to its high oilcontent and favourable fatty acid profile. A combination of tween 20 and span 20 that produces a hydrophilic and lipophilic balance (hlb) value of 16 was found to be able to produces microemulsion which is desirable property for effective ectraction. Measurements of interfacial (ift) between passionfriuts seed oil and the surfactant solution also shows that hlb 16 give low ift value which is 0.31 mN/m. For different surfactants concentration at hlb 16, the lowest ift was found to occur at 1%. The optimized parameters using saaep to extract oil from the passionfriuts seeds with 79.82% oil removal efficiency is 1% surfactant concentration, 4:75 solid liquid ratio and at time reaching 15 minutes. During this study, the temperature is set at 25C and particle size of 2mm. Hence, extraction of oil using aqueous extraction with the assistance of surfactant proves to be a promising process due to its low requirement of surfactant concentration, low temperature and shorter contact time. | ||
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| 952 | |0 0 |1 0 |2 lcc |4 0 |6 FK2017 00016 (036200016) |7 0 |9 840003 |a 30000 |b 30000 |c 30006 |d 2018-08-07 |o FK 2017 16 (036200016) |p 1000762794 |r 2018-08-07 |w 2018-08-07 |y 30005 |z CD-ROM | ||