Effects of low glycemic index dietary intervention in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
High maternal glycemia especially at the postprandial level have been associated with high rates of complications in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). A low glycemic index (LGI) diet may offer some benefits since the LGI foods usually produce lower postprandial blood glucose (PPG)...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2015
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| Online Access: | http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16618/1/FPSK%28m%29%202015%2028%20T.pdf |
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| Summary: | High maternal glycemia especially at the postprandial level have been
associated with high rates of complications in women with Gestational Diabetes
Mellitus (GDM). A low glycemic index (LGI) diet may offer some benefits since
the LGI foods usually produce lower postprandial blood glucose (PPG)
responses as compared to high GI (HGI) foods. This randomized controlled
study was conducted to investigate the effect of a LGI diet on glycemic-related
parameters, other metabolic responses and dietary intake in women with GDM.
A total of 40 participants (aged 32 years; mean ± SD pre-pregnancy Body
Mass Index (BMI) 29.3 kg/m2 ± 7.3; mean ± SD gestation age = 26 week ± 3.5)
from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) were
randomized to either LGI group (n=20) or Standard Nutrition Therapy (SNT)
(n=20) groups to receive intensive intervention in which the outcomes were
measured after 4-weeks period. As part of the study, the acute study was
performed at week 1, 2 and 4 to determine the acute effects of LGI and HGI
meal on postprandial metabolic responses (at week 1 and 2) and to challenge
the postprandial response after having intensive intervention at week 4.
At baseline, participants in both groups were homogenous. At 4 weeks, both
groups reduced the fructosamine levels (p<0.05) with no different detected
between group. LGI intervention had significantly better reduction on selfmonitoring
blood glucose (SMBG) at 1-hour post breakfast by 11.8% recorded
at home than the participants in the SNT group (p<0.05). No significant
different were reported in lipid profile and C- Reactive Protein (CRP) between
both groups after the 4 weeks of intensive intervention. Dietary Glycemic Index
(GI) of participants in LGI group was significant lower by 7 units than SNT
group (p<0.05). In the acute study, the 3-hours PPG was significantly lower
after consuming low glycemic index meal (LGI_M) than the high glycemic index
meal (HGI_M). The 4 weeks of LGI dietary intervention however, was not able
to improve the PPG and triglyceride response after re-challenge with HGI_M at
the end of the study.
In conclusion, LGI dietary intervention was able to improve SMBG at 1-hour
post breakfast. A LGI diet was feasible in this study, as the dietary GI in LGI group has reduced significantly at the end of the study. The improvement in
PPG was also evident after having LGI meals as compared to HGI meals in
women with GDM. |
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