Effectiveness of wood charcoal and sago bark ash as amendments on nitrogen use efficiency on sorghum cultivated in acid soils
Soil acidity compromises agricultural output in tropical acid soils. Highly weathered tropical acid soils are low in N because of the rapid mineralization of organic N in soil organic matter and loss of inorganic N through for example, leaching because of high rainfall. Combined use of charcoal and...
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| Materyal Türü: | Tez |
| Dil: | English |
| Baskı/Yayın Bilgisi: |
2022
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| Online Erişim: | http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18128/1/t%20FSPH%202022%2010.pdf |
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| Özet: | Soil acidity compromises agricultural output in tropical acid soils. Highly weathered tropical acid soils are low in N because of the rapid mineralization of organic N in soil organic matter and loss of inorganic N through for example, leaching because of high rainfall. Combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash could be used to improve N availability because of their high specific surface area and internal porous structure enhances sorption of ammonium (NH4+) ions and retention of nitrate (NO3-) ions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects charcoal and sago bark ash on: (i) soil NH4+ and NO3- ions; (ii) soil N sorption and pH buffering capacity; (iii) N uptake, use efficiency, and dry matter production of sorghum. Laboratory soil incubation, leaching, buffering capacity and greenhouse studies were carried out using different rates of charcoal and sago ash were evaluated. The amounts the charcoal and sago bark ash used were based 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the recommended rates where for N, the existing recommended rate was used. The results revealed that combining charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea increased soil pH and base cations simultaneously reduced exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al. Apart from the liming effect of the sago bark ash, the high affinity of the functional groups of the charcoal for Al ions might impeded Al ions from undergoing hydrolysis to produce more hydrogen ions. Furthermore, the amendments increased adsorbed NH4+ because of the affinity of the amendments for this ion. The combined use of charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea does not only reduce leaching of NH4+ and NO3- but also improves soil pH, total C, and soil exchangeable NH4+. Furthermore, combination of charcoal and sago bark ash reduced exchangeable acidity and amount of NH4+ leached out from soil. The results of pot trial study demonstrated that amending inorganic fertilizers (N-P-K) with charcoal and sago bark ash improved soil total C, sorghum’s nutrients uptake, and dry matter production. Overall, combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash can improve soil ammonium use by sorghum plants for their growth and development, but field trials are required to consolidate the findings of this research work. |
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