Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter
Sustainability has both socio-economic and bio-physical dimensions. In agricultural land management, one of the most important socio-economic aspects is crop performance, whilst the major bio-physical aspect is natural resource conservation. In a long-term study of soil erosion involving cocoa-banan...
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The Malaysian Society of Soil Science
2017
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oai:http:--agris.upm.edu.my:0-13646Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matterGhulam Mohd HashimSoil sciencesSoil organic matterAgricultural chemicalsSoil chemicophysical propertiesSoil biologySoil movementGeologySoil degradationSoil erosionRunoffSoil fertilitySustainability has both socio-economic and bio-physical dimensions. In agricultural land management, one of the most important socio-economic aspects is crop performance, whilst the major bio-physical aspect is natural resource conservation. In a long-term study of soil erosion involving cocoa-banana intercropping on sloping land, detailed data in crop performance, in combination with detaied information on soil erosion and soil fertility, provided on opportunity to assess the relative levels of sustainability achieved by three land management systems. The three systems are (a) clean weeding in cocoa-banana intercrop (T1), (b) circle weeding in a cocoa-banana intercrop (T2), and (c) clean weeding in monocrop cocoa (T3). Relatively high soil loses were recorded in T1 was 430.7 t/ha compared to only 89.7 t/ha in T2. Organic matter, nitrogen and potassium levels in T2 increased with time whilst those in T1 and T3 decreased slightly. This improvement in soil fertility was a result of low topsoil erosion and other factors. Leaf litter, which was produced in abundance when the trees reached maturity, were largely retained by the surface vegetation in T2. In T1 and T3, however, substantial amounts of litter were mobilished by overland flow. Initially, cocoa growth in T2 was fastest, followed by T3 and then T2. However, as soil conditions improved, the growth rate in T2 increased, surpassing that of T3, and after several years that of T1 as well. as a result, the average rate of girth increment in T2 over 5 water years (1991-92 to 1995-96) was equal to that T1. But after 10 months, production in T2 surpassed that in T1. At the end of November 1994, the total production of fresh bunches were 3.1 and 6.6 t/ha for T1 and T2, respectively. Using several surrogates for crop performance and for resource conservation, a simple scoring system was devised to assess relative levels of sustainability. T2 was found to be a relatively more sustainable land management practice.The Malaysian Society of Soil ScienceKuala Lumpur, Malaysia2017-10-17T03:32:03Z2017-10-17T03:32:03Z1997Proceedings PaperArticleNon-RefereedProceedings of Soil Science Conference of Malaysia 1997: Ipoh, Perak (Malaysia), 14-16 Apr 1997, p. 10-20967-9945-19-7http://agris.upm.edu.my:8080/dspace/handle/0/13646MY2005050294enMalaysiahttp://www.oceandocs.org/license |
| institution |
AGRIS |
| collection |
AGRIS |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Soil sciences Soil organic matter Agricultural chemicals Soil chemicophysical properties Soil biology Soil movement Geology Soil degradation Soil erosion Runoff Soil fertility |
| spellingShingle |
Soil sciences Soil organic matter Agricultural chemicals Soil chemicophysical properties Soil biology Soil movement Geology Soil degradation Soil erosion Runoff Soil fertility Ghulam Mohd Hashim Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter |
| description |
Sustainability has both socio-economic and bio-physical dimensions. In agricultural land management, one of the most important socio-economic aspects is crop performance, whilst the major bio-physical aspect is natural resource conservation. In a long-term study of soil erosion involving cocoa-banana intercropping on sloping land, detailed data in crop performance, in combination with detaied information on soil erosion and soil fertility, provided on opportunity to assess the relative levels of sustainability achieved by three land management systems. The three systems are (a) clean weeding in cocoa-banana intercrop (T1), (b) circle weeding in a cocoa-banana intercrop (T2), and (c) clean weeding in monocrop cocoa (T3). Relatively high soil loses were recorded in T1 was 430.7 t/ha compared to only 89.7 t/ha in T2. Organic matter, nitrogen and potassium levels in T2 increased with time whilst those in T1 and T3 decreased slightly. This improvement in soil fertility was a result of low topsoil erosion and other factors. Leaf litter, which was produced in abundance when the trees reached maturity, were largely retained by the surface vegetation in T2. In T1 and T3, however, substantial amounts of litter were mobilished by overland flow. Initially, cocoa growth in T2 was fastest, followed by T3 and then T2. However, as soil conditions improved, the growth rate in T2 increased, surpassing that of T3, and after several years that of T1 as well. as a result, the average rate of girth increment in T2 over 5 water years (1991-92 to 1995-96) was equal to that T1. But after 10 months, production in T2 surpassed that in T1. At the end of November 1994, the total production of fresh bunches were 3.1 and 6.6 t/ha for T1 and T2, respectively. Using several surrogates for crop performance and for resource conservation, a simple scoring system was devised to assess relative levels of sustainability. T2 was found to be a relatively more sustainable land management practice. |
| format |
Proceedings Paper |
| author |
Ghulam Mohd Hashim |
| author_facet |
Ghulam Mohd Hashim |
| author_sort |
Ghulam Mohd Hashim |
| title |
Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter |
| title_short |
Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter |
| title_full |
Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter |
| title_fullStr |
Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter |
| title_sort |
improving sustainability through the retention of vegetative matter |
| publisher |
The Malaysian Society of Soil Science |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://agris.upm.edu.my:8080/dspace/handle/0/13646 |
| _version_ |
1819284343109976064 |
| score |
13.4562235 |