Staff View: Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis

Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis

Nyamplung seed (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a prospective non-edible vegetable oil as biodiesel feedstock. However, it cannot be directly used in the alkaline catalysed transesterification reaction since it contains high free fatty acid (FFA) of 19.17%. The FFA content above 2% will cause sapo...

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Main Authors:	Kurnita, Siti Choirunisa Furi, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi, Prasetiawan, Haniif, Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi, Veny, Harumi, Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti, Triwibowo, Bayu, Anggraeni, Nanda Dwi, Fazlena Hamzah
Format:	Journal Contribution
Language:	English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	Fatty acids Biodiesel Esterification Sulfuric acid Experiments Sampling Statistical analysis Industrial development Product quality
Online Access:	http://agris.upm.edu.my:8080/dspace/handle/0/24497
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spelling	oai:http:--agris.upm.edu.my:0-24497Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysisKurnita, Siti Choirunisa FuriMiradatul Najwa Muhd RodhiPrasetiawan, HaniifKusumaningtyas, Ratna DewiVeny, HarumiPutri, Radenrara Dewi ArtantiTriwibowo, BayuAnggraeni, Nanda DwiFazlena HamzahFatty acidsBiodieselEsterificationSulfuric acidExperimentsSamplingStatistical analysisIndustrial developmentProduct qualityNyamplung seed (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a prospective non-edible vegetable oil as biodiesel feedstock. However, it cannot be directly used in the alkaline catalysed transesterification reaction since it contains high free fatty acid (FFA) of 19.17%. The FFA content above 2% will cause saponification reaction, reducing the biodiesel yield. In this work, FFA removal was performed using sulfuric acid catalysed esterification to meet the maximum FFA amount of 2%. Experimental work and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis were conducted. The reaction was conducted at the fixed molar ratio of nyamplung seed oil and methanol of 1:30 and the reaction times of 120 minutes. The catalyst concentration and the reaction temperature were varied. The highest reaction conversion was 78.18%, and the FFA concentration was decreased to 4.01% at the temperature of 60℃ and reaction time of 120 minutes. The polynomial model analysis on RSM demonstrated that the quadratic model was the most suitable FFA conversion optimisation. The RSM analysis exhibited the optimum FFA conversion of 78.27% and the FFA content of 4%, attained at the reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 59.09℃, 1.98% g/g nyamplung seed oil, and 119.95 minutes, respectively. Extrapolation using RSM predicted that the targeted FFA content of 2% could be obtained at the temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 58.97℃, 3%, and 194.9 minutes, respectively, with a fixed molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:30. The results disclosed that RSM is an appropriate statistical method for optimising the process variable in the esterification reaction to obtain the targeted value of FFA.2024-06-25T08:43:33Z2024-06-25T08:43:33Z2021Journal ContributionArticleNon-RefereedPertanika Journal of Science & Technology (Malaysia), 29 (4), p. 2605-26232231-8526http://agris.upm.edu.my:8080/dspace/handle/0/24497MY2024050796enhttp://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/resources/files/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JST%20Vol.%2029%20(4)%20Oct.%202021/20%20JST-2591-2021.pdfIndonesiahttp://www.oceandocs.org/license
institution	AGRIS
collection	AGRIS
language	English
topic	Fatty acids Biodiesel Esterification Sulfuric acid Experiments Sampling Statistical analysis Industrial development Product quality
spellingShingle	Fatty acids Biodiesel Esterification Sulfuric acid Experiments Sampling Statistical analysis Industrial development Product quality Kurnita, Siti Choirunisa Furi Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi Prasetiawan, Haniif Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi Veny, Harumi Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti Triwibowo, Bayu Anggraeni, Nanda Dwi Fazlena Hamzah Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis
description	Nyamplung seed (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a prospective non-edible vegetable oil as biodiesel feedstock. However, it cannot be directly used in the alkaline catalysed transesterification reaction since it contains high free fatty acid (FFA) of 19.17%. The FFA content above 2% will cause saponification reaction, reducing the biodiesel yield. In this work, FFA removal was performed using sulfuric acid catalysed esterification to meet the maximum FFA amount of 2%. Experimental work and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis were conducted. The reaction was conducted at the fixed molar ratio of nyamplung seed oil and methanol of 1:30 and the reaction times of 120 minutes. The catalyst concentration and the reaction temperature were varied. The highest reaction conversion was 78.18%, and the FFA concentration was decreased to 4.01% at the temperature of 60℃ and reaction time of 120 minutes. The polynomial model analysis on RSM demonstrated that the quadratic model was the most suitable FFA conversion optimisation. The RSM analysis exhibited the optimum FFA conversion of 78.27% and the FFA content of 4%, attained at the reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 59.09℃, 1.98% g/g nyamplung seed oil, and 119.95 minutes, respectively. Extrapolation using RSM predicted that the targeted FFA content of 2% could be obtained at the temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 58.97℃, 3%, and 194.9 minutes, respectively, with a fixed molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:30. The results disclosed that RSM is an appropriate statistical method for optimising the process variable in the esterification reaction to obtain the targeted value of FFA.
format	Journal Contribution
author	Kurnita, Siti Choirunisa Furi Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi Prasetiawan, Haniif Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi Veny, Harumi Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti Triwibowo, Bayu Anggraeni, Nanda Dwi Fazlena Hamzah
author_facet	Kurnita, Siti Choirunisa Furi Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi Prasetiawan, Haniif Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi Veny, Harumi Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti Triwibowo, Bayu Anggraeni, Nanda Dwi Fazlena Hamzah
author_sort	Kurnita, Siti Choirunisa Furi
title	Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis
title_short	Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis
title_full	Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis
title_fullStr	Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis
title_sort	optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (callophyllum inophyllum l.) using response surface methodology analysis
publishDate	2024
url	http://agris.upm.edu.my:8080/dspace/handle/0/24497
_version_	1804808803733995520
score	12.935284

Optimisation of free fatty acid removal in nyamplung seed oil (Callophyllum inophyllum L.) using response surface methodology analysis

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