Staff View: Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop

Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop

The utilization of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. for producing value-added products is novel research for sustaining our environment. Therefore, the current study aims to document the phytotoxic compounds contained in the leaf of parthenium and to examine the phytotoxic effects of a...

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Main Authors:	Khairul Bashar, H. M., Juraimi, Abdul Shukor, Ahmad Hamdani, Muhammad Saiful, Uddin, Md Kamal, Asib, Norhayu, Anwar, Md. Parvez, Karim, SM Rezaul, Rahaman, Ferdoushi, Haque, Mohammad Amdadul, Hossain, Akbar
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Published:	MDPI 2022
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spelling	oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:100991 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100991/ Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop Khairul Bashar, H. M. Juraimi, Abdul Shukor Ahmad Hamdani, Muhammad Saiful Uddin, Md Kamal Asib, Norhayu Anwar, Md. Parvez Karim, SM Rezaul Rahaman, Ferdoushi Haque, Mohammad Amdadul Hossain, Akbar The utilization of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. for producing value-added products is novel research for sustaining our environment. Therefore, the current study aims to document the phytotoxic compounds contained in the leaf of parthenium and to examine the phytotoxic effects of all those phytochemicals on the seed sprouting and growth of Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. and Goosegrass Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. The phytotoxic substances of the methanol extract of the P. hysterophorus leaf were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. From the LC-MS study, many compounds, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, amino acids, pseudo guaianolides, and carbohydrate and phenolic acids, were identified. Among them, seven potential phytotoxic compounds (i.e., caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, anisic acid, and parthenin) were documented, those are responsible for plant growth inhibition. The concentration needed to reach 50% growth inhibition in respect to germination (ECg50), root length (ECr50), and shoot length (ECs50) was estimated and the severity of phytotoxicity of the biochemicals was determined by the pooled values (rank value) of three inhibition parameters. The highest growth inhibition was demarcated by caffeic acid, which was confirmed and indicated by cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). In the case of D. sanguinalis, the germination was reduced by 60.02%, root length was reduced by 76.49%, and shoot length was reduced by 71.14% when the chemical was applied at 800 μM concentration, but in the case of E. indica, 100% reduction of seed germination, root length, and shoot length reduction occurred at the same concentration. The lowest rank value was observed from caffeic acids in both E. indica (rank value 684.7) and D. sanguinalis (909.5) caused by parthenin. It means that caffeic acid showed the highest phytotoxicity. As a result, there is a significant chance that the parthenium weed will be used to create bioherbicides in the future. MDPI 2022-08-18 Article PeerReviewed Khairul Bashar, H. M. and Juraimi, Abdul Shukor and Ahmad Hamdani, Muhammad Saiful and Uddin, Md Kamal and Asib, Norhayu and Anwar, Md. Parvez and Karim, SM Rezaul and Rahaman, Ferdoushi and Haque, Mohammad Amdadul and Hossain, Akbar (2022) Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Toxins, 14 (8). art. no. 561. pp. 1-23. ISSN 2072-6651 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/8/561 10.3390/toxins14080561
institution	UPM IR
collection	UPM IR
description	The utilization of the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. for producing value-added products is novel research for sustaining our environment. Therefore, the current study aims to document the phytotoxic compounds contained in the leaf of parthenium and to examine the phytotoxic effects of all those phytochemicals on the seed sprouting and growth of Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. and Goosegrass Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. The phytotoxic substances of the methanol extract of the P. hysterophorus leaf were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. From the LC-MS study, many compounds, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, amino acids, pseudo guaianolides, and carbohydrate and phenolic acids, were identified. Among them, seven potential phytotoxic compounds (i.e., caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, anisic acid, and parthenin) were documented, those are responsible for plant growth inhibition. The concentration needed to reach 50% growth inhibition in respect to germination (ECg50), root length (ECr50), and shoot length (ECs50) was estimated and the severity of phytotoxicity of the biochemicals was determined by the pooled values (rank value) of three inhibition parameters. The highest growth inhibition was demarcated by caffeic acid, which was confirmed and indicated by cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). In the case of D. sanguinalis, the germination was reduced by 60.02%, root length was reduced by 76.49%, and shoot length was reduced by 71.14% when the chemical was applied at 800 μM concentration, but in the case of E. indica, 100% reduction of seed germination, root length, and shoot length reduction occurred at the same concentration. The lowest rank value was observed from caffeic acids in both E. indica (rank value 684.7) and D. sanguinalis (909.5) caused by parthenin. It means that caffeic acid showed the highest phytotoxicity. As a result, there is a significant chance that the parthenium weed will be used to create bioherbicides in the future.
format	Article
author	Khairul Bashar, H. M. Juraimi, Abdul Shukor Ahmad Hamdani, Muhammad Saiful Uddin, Md Kamal Asib, Norhayu Anwar, Md. Parvez Karim, SM Rezaul Rahaman, Ferdoushi Haque, Mohammad Amdadul Hossain, Akbar
spellingShingle	Khairul Bashar, H. M. Juraimi, Abdul Shukor Ahmad Hamdani, Muhammad Saiful Uddin, Md Kamal Asib, Norhayu Anwar, Md. Parvez Karim, SM Rezaul Rahaman, Ferdoushi Haque, Mohammad Amdadul Hossain, Akbar Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop
author_facet	Khairul Bashar, H. M. Juraimi, Abdul Shukor Ahmad Hamdani, Muhammad Saiful Uddin, Md Kamal Asib, Norhayu Anwar, Md. Parvez Karim, SM Rezaul Rahaman, Ferdoushi Haque, Mohammad Amdadul Hossain, Akbar
author_sort	Khairul Bashar, H. M.
title	Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop
title_short	Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop
title_full	Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop
title_fullStr	Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop
title_full_unstemmed	Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop
title_sort	documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in parthenium hysterophorus l. leaf and their phytotoxicity on eleusine indica (l.) gaertn. and digitaria sanguinalis (l.) scop
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2022
_version_	1819301238404022272
score	13.4562235

Documentation of phytotoxic compounds existing in Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaf and their phytotoxicity on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop

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