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Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat

The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the Coronaviridae family as a threat to public health in the emergence of a deadly zoonotic disease. Rats are the possible primary host of the infection as they are highly populated in urban areas, creating a significant epidemic risk....

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Main Authors: Saulol Hamid, Nur-Fazila, Abd Rahaman, Yasmin, Farzee, Faranieyza-Afiqah, Abdul Rahman, Nawal-Amani, Arshad, Siti Suri, Mohamed Sohaimi, Norfitriah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2023
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109448/1/19.pdf
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spelling oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:109448 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109448/ Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat Saulol Hamid, Nur-Fazila Abd Rahaman, Yasmin Farzee, Faranieyza-Afiqah Abdul Rahman, Nawal-Amani Arshad, Siti Suri Mohamed Sohaimi, Norfitriah The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the Coronaviridae family as a threat to public health in the emergence of a deadly zoonotic disease. Rats are the possible primary host of the infection as they are highly populated in urban areas, creating a significant epidemic risk. The tendency of coronaviruses (CoVs) to overcome species barriers and adapt to hosts typically found close to humans emphasised the need for further study on coronavirus infection. Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) and Parker’s rat coronavirus (PRC) are the most commonly isolated pathogens for coronavirus infections in the laboratory and wild rats. They are contagious and could be transmitted to susceptible rats by direct contact, fomites, or aerosol. Coronavirus genera include Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus, which are restricted to bats and other mammalian hosts, while the Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus are restricted to birds. All known rat coronaviruses are members of the beta genus. Betacoronavirus are divided into five subgenera, i.e., Embecovirus, Hibecovirus, Merbecovirus, Nobecovirus, and Sarbecovirus. All rat coronaviruses are categorised as the Embecovirus subgenus. Most studies have proven that rat coronaviruses are responsible for hepatitis, enteritis, reproductive problems, and respiratory and salivary gland infections, including episcleritis, and dacryoadenitis. The scant literature data, mostly comprising publications from the last century, does not adequately explain the etiopathology of SDAV and PRC infections. This review provides an overview of the knowledge on the characteristics, transmission, clinical signs, pathology, and diagnosis of rat coronaviruses, besides better understanding their zoonotic potentials. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2023-03 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109448/1/19.pdf Saulol Hamid, Nur-Fazila and Abd Rahaman, Yasmin and Farzee, Faranieyza-Afiqah and Abdul Rahman, Nawal-Amani and Arshad, Siti Suri and Mohamed Sohaimi, Norfitriah (2023) Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat. Sains Malaysiana, 52 (4). pp. 1291-1302. ISSN 0126-6039; eISSN: 2735-0118 http://www.ukm.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-52-4-2023/19.pdf 10.17576/jsm-2023-5204-19
institution UPM IR
collection UPM IR
language English
description The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the Coronaviridae family as a threat to public health in the emergence of a deadly zoonotic disease. Rats are the possible primary host of the infection as they are highly populated in urban areas, creating a significant epidemic risk. The tendency of coronaviruses (CoVs) to overcome species barriers and adapt to hosts typically found close to humans emphasised the need for further study on coronavirus infection. Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) and Parker’s rat coronavirus (PRC) are the most commonly isolated pathogens for coronavirus infections in the laboratory and wild rats. They are contagious and could be transmitted to susceptible rats by direct contact, fomites, or aerosol. Coronavirus genera include Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus, which are restricted to bats and other mammalian hosts, while the Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus are restricted to birds. All known rat coronaviruses are members of the beta genus. Betacoronavirus are divided into five subgenera, i.e., Embecovirus, Hibecovirus, Merbecovirus, Nobecovirus, and Sarbecovirus. All rat coronaviruses are categorised as the Embecovirus subgenus. Most studies have proven that rat coronaviruses are responsible for hepatitis, enteritis, reproductive problems, and respiratory and salivary gland infections, including episcleritis, and dacryoadenitis. The scant literature data, mostly comprising publications from the last century, does not adequately explain the etiopathology of SDAV and PRC infections. This review provides an overview of the knowledge on the characteristics, transmission, clinical signs, pathology, and diagnosis of rat coronaviruses, besides better understanding their zoonotic potentials.
format Article
author Saulol Hamid, Nur-Fazila
Abd Rahaman, Yasmin
Farzee, Faranieyza-Afiqah
Abdul Rahman, Nawal-Amani
Arshad, Siti Suri
Mohamed Sohaimi, Norfitriah
spellingShingle Saulol Hamid, Nur-Fazila
Abd Rahaman, Yasmin
Farzee, Faranieyza-Afiqah
Abdul Rahman, Nawal-Amani
Arshad, Siti Suri
Mohamed Sohaimi, Norfitriah
Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat
author_facet Saulol Hamid, Nur-Fazila
Abd Rahaman, Yasmin
Farzee, Faranieyza-Afiqah
Abdul Rahman, Nawal-Amani
Arshad, Siti Suri
Mohamed Sohaimi, Norfitriah
author_sort Saulol Hamid, Nur-Fazila
title Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat
title_short Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat
title_full Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat
title_fullStr Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat
title_full_unstemmed Review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat
title_sort review of coronavirus in rats: a potential zoonotic threat
publisher Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate 2023
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109448/1/19.pdf
_version_ 1819301883307622400
score 13.4562235

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