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Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Background: The efficacy of whey protein supplement (WPS) in improving muscle strength, physical performance, and body composition in older adults has been widely promoted. However, the results of randomized clinical trials in this regard have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the impact of W...

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Autors principals: Al-Rawhani, Alaa H., Adznam, Siti Nur’Asyura, Abu Zaid, Zalina, Md. Yusop, Nor Baizura, M. Sallehuddin, Hakimah, Alshawsh, Mohammed A.
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Idioma:English
Publicat: Churchill Livingstone 2024
Accés en línia:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113324/1/113324.pdf
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spelling oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:113324 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113324/ Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials Al-Rawhani, Alaa H. Adznam, Siti Nur’Asyura Abu Zaid, Zalina Md. Yusop, Nor Baizura M. Sallehuddin, Hakimah Alshawsh, Mohammed A. Background: The efficacy of whey protein supplement (WPS) in improving muscle strength, physical performance, and body composition in older adults has been widely promoted. However, the results of randomized clinical trials in this regard have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the impact of WPS, compared to a placebo, during or without training on muscle strength, physical function, and body composition in older adults. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were thoroughly searched using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Database, and Scopus databases up to June 2024. The analysis focused on key parameters such as handgrip strength (HS), leg press, knee extension, gait speed (GS), 6-min walking test (6MWT), Timed-up and go test (TUG), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). A pooled effect size was calculated using a random-effects model based on standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: Thirty studies involving 2105 participants aged 60 and older met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of 26 RCTs showed no significant positive effect of WPS on HS (n = 11, SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: −0.13, 0.49; I2 = 69%), 6MWT (n = 5, SMD: −0.08; 95%CI: −0.31, 0.16; I2 = 0%), GS test (n = 4, SMD: −0.08; 95%CI: −0.43, 0.28; I2 = 36%), TUG test (n = 9, SMD: 0.0, 95% CI -0.15, 0.14; I2 = 0%), LBM (n = 11, SMD: 0.02; 95%CI: −0.13, 0.17; I2 = 0%), FM (n = 15, SMD: −0.04; 95%CI: −0.18, 0.10; I2 = 0%). However, ASM significantly improved after WPS consumption but with high heterogeneity (n = 2, SMD: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.51; I2 = 69%). In interventions incorporating RE, statistically significant positive effects of WPS on lower body strength were observed (n = 11, SMD: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.45; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that WPS, when combined with resistance training (RT), can enhance lower body strength but does not seem to have a significant beneficial effect on handgrip strength, physical performance, or body composition. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential benefits of WPS in this population. Churchill Livingstone 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113324/1/113324.pdf Al-Rawhani, Alaa H. and Adznam, Siti Nur’Asyura and Abu Zaid, Zalina and Md. Yusop, Nor Baizura and M. Sallehuddin, Hakimah and Alshawsh, Mohammed A. (2024) Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clinical Nutrition, 43 (10). pp. 2412-2426. ISSN 0261-5614; eISSN: 1532-1983 https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(24)00311-X/abstract 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.033
institution UPM IR
collection UPM IR
language English
description Background: The efficacy of whey protein supplement (WPS) in improving muscle strength, physical performance, and body composition in older adults has been widely promoted. However, the results of randomized clinical trials in this regard have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the impact of WPS, compared to a placebo, during or without training on muscle strength, physical function, and body composition in older adults. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were thoroughly searched using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Database, and Scopus databases up to June 2024. The analysis focused on key parameters such as handgrip strength (HS), leg press, knee extension, gait speed (GS), 6-min walking test (6MWT), Timed-up and go test (TUG), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). A pooled effect size was calculated using a random-effects model based on standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: Thirty studies involving 2105 participants aged 60 and older met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of 26 RCTs showed no significant positive effect of WPS on HS (n = 11, SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: −0.13, 0.49; I2 = 69%), 6MWT (n = 5, SMD: −0.08; 95%CI: −0.31, 0.16; I2 = 0%), GS test (n = 4, SMD: −0.08; 95%CI: −0.43, 0.28; I2 = 36%), TUG test (n = 9, SMD: 0.0, 95% CI -0.15, 0.14; I2 = 0%), LBM (n = 11, SMD: 0.02; 95%CI: −0.13, 0.17; I2 = 0%), FM (n = 15, SMD: −0.04; 95%CI: −0.18, 0.10; I2 = 0%). However, ASM significantly improved after WPS consumption but with high heterogeneity (n = 2, SMD: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.51; I2 = 69%). In interventions incorporating RE, statistically significant positive effects of WPS on lower body strength were observed (n = 11, SMD: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.45; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that WPS, when combined with resistance training (RT), can enhance lower body strength but does not seem to have a significant beneficial effect on handgrip strength, physical performance, or body composition. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential benefits of WPS in this population.
format Article
author Al-Rawhani, Alaa H.
Adznam, Siti Nur’Asyura
Abu Zaid, Zalina
Md. Yusop, Nor Baizura
M. Sallehuddin, Hakimah
Alshawsh, Mohammed A.
spellingShingle Al-Rawhani, Alaa H.
Adznam, Siti Nur’Asyura
Abu Zaid, Zalina
Md. Yusop, Nor Baizura
M. Sallehuddin, Hakimah
Alshawsh, Mohammed A.
Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
author_facet Al-Rawhani, Alaa H.
Adznam, Siti Nur’Asyura
Abu Zaid, Zalina
Md. Yusop, Nor Baizura
M. Sallehuddin, Hakimah
Alshawsh, Mohammed A.
author_sort Al-Rawhani, Alaa H.
title Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
title_short Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
title_full Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
title_fullStr Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
title_sort effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
publisher Churchill Livingstone
publishDate 2024
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113324/1/113324.pdf
_version_ 1819302113976516608
score 13.4562235

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