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Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide for selective control of broadleaf weeds which has been detected as a major contaminant in surface or underground water since its degradation in water is very slow, with half-life ranging from 4 to7 days in most soil types and up to 6 w...

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Main Author: Razani, Afini
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2015
Subjects:
Water - Purification - Photocatalysis
Water - Purification - Synthesis
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/1/FS%202015%2092%20IR.pdf
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spelling oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:71200 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/ Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Razani, Afini 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide for selective control of broadleaf weeds which has been detected as a major contaminant in surface or underground water since its degradation in water is very slow, with half-life ranging from 4 to7 days in most soil types and up to 6 weeks in acidic soils. The TiO2, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were synthesized via co-precipitation method, calcined at 550°C and used as photocatalyst to photodegrade 2,4-D in aqueous solution. The synthesized metal oxides were then characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Band Gap, and Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. All catalysts exhibited spherical anatase TiO2 phase. With the addition of Fe2O3, the surface area, particle size and band gap energy were lower than undoped TiO2. When comparing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Fe2O3 doped TiO2, 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 was found to give the highest degradation (33.1%). This may attributed to its small particle size (12.67 nm) and low band gap energy (~3.07). Conventional method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Face-Centred Central Composite Design (FCCCD) was used to optimize the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 as catalyst. The optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were predicted at 10 mg/L of initial concentration of 2,4-D, 1.0 g of mass loading of 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 and initial 2,4-D pH of 4.0 with a predicted percentage of degradation of 45.24%. The model was validated and the result showed no significant difference between the experimental and the predicted percentage of degradation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst remained unchanged after the first cycles of photodegradation experiments which indicate the stability of the catalyst until the fifth cycle. 2015-04 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/1/FS%202015%2092%20IR.pdf Razani, Afini (2015) Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Water - Purification - Photocatalysis Water - Purification - Synthesis
institution UPM IR
collection UPM IR
language English
topic Water - Purification - Photocatalysis
Water - Purification - Synthesis
spellingShingle Water - Purification - Photocatalysis
Water - Purification - Synthesis
Razani, Afini
Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
description 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide for selective control of broadleaf weeds which has been detected as a major contaminant in surface or underground water since its degradation in water is very slow, with half-life ranging from 4 to7 days in most soil types and up to 6 weeks in acidic soils. The TiO2, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were synthesized via co-precipitation method, calcined at 550°C and used as photocatalyst to photodegrade 2,4-D in aqueous solution. The synthesized metal oxides were then characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Band Gap, and Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. All catalysts exhibited spherical anatase TiO2 phase. With the addition of Fe2O3, the surface area, particle size and band gap energy were lower than undoped TiO2. When comparing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Fe2O3 doped TiO2, 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 was found to give the highest degradation (33.1%). This may attributed to its small particle size (12.67 nm) and low band gap energy (~3.07). Conventional method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Face-Centred Central Composite Design (FCCCD) was used to optimize the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 as catalyst. The optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were predicted at 10 mg/L of initial concentration of 2,4-D, 1.0 g of mass loading of 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 and initial 2,4-D pH of 4.0 with a predicted percentage of degradation of 45.24%. The model was validated and the result showed no significant difference between the experimental and the predicted percentage of degradation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst remained unchanged after the first cycles of photodegradation experiments which indicate the stability of the catalyst until the fifth cycle.
format Thesis
author Razani, Afini
author_facet Razani, Afini
author_sort Razani, Afini
title Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_short Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_full Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_fullStr Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_sort synthesis of tio₂ and fe₂o₃-doped tio₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
publishDate 2015
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/1/FS%202015%2092%20IR.pdf
_version_ 1819298964381368320
score 13.4562235

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