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Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia

In the context of climate change, sustainable biorefinery helps to mitigate carbon emissions. This paper examines how landscape structure metrics allow us to better understand the economics of agricultural and forestry wastes transportation. To verify that the landscape structure plays a significant...

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Main Authors:	Ong, Chulee, Shaiffudin Hishamudin, Mohammad O., Kamaruddin, Norfaryanti, Anugerah, Adhe R., Amir Mustafa, Amira N., Roda, Jean-Marc
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Published:	Wiley 2020
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id	oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:87379
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spelling	oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:87379 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87379/ Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia Ong, Chulee Shaiffudin Hishamudin, Mohammad O. Kamaruddin, Norfaryanti Anugerah, Adhe R. Amir Mustafa, Amira N. Roda, Jean-Marc In the context of climate change, sustainable biorefinery helps to mitigate carbon emissions. This paper examines how landscape structure metrics allow us to better understand the economics of agricultural and forestry wastes transportation. To verify that the landscape structure plays a significant role, we quantify the fragmentation of various lignocellulosic feedstock in Malaysia, as a typical tropical country. Fragmentation is compared with the variations of truck size, transport distance, and biomass nature. We use GRASS GIS to develop a series of transport cost maps, to quantify feedstocks, to run various biomass transport simulations, optimize locations of potential biorefineries, and to compute landscape structure metrics. We find that the cost of 1 million tonnes feedstock increases by more than 4 USD/tonne for every added unit of edge density (fragmentation index). It also increases by more than 6 USD/tonne for every added 100 km of average transportation. The average truck size has also a strong nonlinear relation to the cost with −84 USD/tonne when changing from 3- to 26-tonne trucks. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to address simultaneously fragmentation with the other classical logistic factors in a tropical country like Malaysia. It has strong implications for policymakers: the importance of the landscape structure makes a seemingly abundant biomass not viable for biorefineries if too fragmented compared to a much less abundant one, but more concentrated. It also implies that in tropical countries where the landscape is typically very fragmented, multi-crop feedstocks could be considered for sustainable biorefineries. Wiley 2020 Article PeerReviewed Ong, Chulee and Shaiffudin Hishamudin, Mohammad O. and Kamaruddin, Norfaryanti and Anugerah, Adhe R. and Amir Mustafa, Amira N. and Roda, Jean-Marc (2020) Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia. GCB Bioenergy, 12 (11). 910 - 922. ISSN 1757-1693; ESSN: 1757-1707 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcbb.12740 10.1111/gcbb.12740
institution	UPM IR
collection	UPM IR
description	In the context of climate change, sustainable biorefinery helps to mitigate carbon emissions. This paper examines how landscape structure metrics allow us to better understand the economics of agricultural and forestry wastes transportation. To verify that the landscape structure plays a significant role, we quantify the fragmentation of various lignocellulosic feedstock in Malaysia, as a typical tropical country. Fragmentation is compared with the variations of truck size, transport distance, and biomass nature. We use GRASS GIS to develop a series of transport cost maps, to quantify feedstocks, to run various biomass transport simulations, optimize locations of potential biorefineries, and to compute landscape structure metrics. We find that the cost of 1 million tonnes feedstock increases by more than 4 USD/tonne for every added unit of edge density (fragmentation index). It also increases by more than 6 USD/tonne for every added 100 km of average transportation. The average truck size has also a strong nonlinear relation to the cost with −84 USD/tonne when changing from 3- to 26-tonne trucks. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to address simultaneously fragmentation with the other classical logistic factors in a tropical country like Malaysia. It has strong implications for policymakers: the importance of the landscape structure makes a seemingly abundant biomass not viable for biorefineries if too fragmented compared to a much less abundant one, but more concentrated. It also implies that in tropical countries where the landscape is typically very fragmented, multi-crop feedstocks could be considered for sustainable biorefineries.
format	Article
author	Ong, Chulee Shaiffudin Hishamudin, Mohammad O. Kamaruddin, Norfaryanti Anugerah, Adhe R. Amir Mustafa, Amira N. Roda, Jean-Marc
spellingShingle	Ong, Chulee Shaiffudin Hishamudin, Mohammad O. Kamaruddin, Norfaryanti Anugerah, Adhe R. Amir Mustafa, Amira N. Roda, Jean-Marc Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia
author_facet	Ong, Chulee Shaiffudin Hishamudin, Mohammad O. Kamaruddin, Norfaryanti Anugerah, Adhe R. Amir Mustafa, Amira N. Roda, Jean-Marc
author_sort	Ong, Chulee
title	Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia
title_short	Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia
title_full	Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia
title_fullStr	Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia
title_sort	quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in malaysia
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2020
_version_	1819300191917834240
score	13.4562235

Quantifying the effect of landscape structure on transport costs for biorefinery of agricultural and forestry wastes in Malaysia

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