Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Calyx and Effect of Processing and Storage on the Stability of Anthocyanins in Roselle Juice
The main purpose of this project was to focus on determining the physicochemical properties of roselle calyx, to develop a processing method that would optimise the colour stability and determining the influences of different treatments on roselle juice during storage. The physico-chemical charac...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2002
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8495/1/FSMB_2002_30_A.pdf |
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| Summary: | The main purpose of this project was to focus on determining the physicochemical
properties of roselle calyx, to develop a processing method that would
optimise the colour stability and determining the influences of different treatments on
roselle juice during storage. The physico-chemical characteristics of roselle included
size, weight, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, anthocyanin contents, colour
density, polymeric colour, percent polymeric colour and browning index were
studied. Succinic acid and glucose were the major organic acid and sugar found
present in roselle with 0.51 g/100g and 1.29 g/100g, respectively. The most
biologically effective natural antioxidant vitamins such as ascorbic acid, p-carotene
and lycopene were also determined and quantified by high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC). The amounts of ascorbic acid, p-carotene and lycopene
contents were 141.09 mg/100g, 1.88 mg/100g and 164.34 mg/100g, respectively.
Two main anthocyan ins namely delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3- sambubioside were present in roselle detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC)
and HPLC.
The optimum conditions for hot water extraction (HWE) of roselle juice was
determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Time-temperature
combinations in the range of 30-300 minutes and 30-90°C were the independent
variables and their effects on anthocyanins content, colour density and ascorbic acid
were evaluated The results implied an optimum juice extraction condition for HWE
to be at 3.5 hours at 60°C. The juice obtained from HWE method was then compared
with juices obtained from hot water blending (HWB) method, cold water blending
(CWB) method and screw press (SP) method for their physico-chemical
characteristics and sensory evaluation. Results of the study indicated that HWE
method was found to be the most effective extraction method resulting in high
anthocyanins content and ascorbic acid. Sensory evaluation also showed that juice
obtained from HWE method was higher in quality in termed of taste, colours and
flavour. Juice produce through SP method was poor in quality and sensory result
compare with other.
Four different treatments were given to the sample roselle juice: control (no
additions), ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride and sodium metabisulphite. The
influence of storage at 4 ± 2°C, 27 ± 2°C and 40 ± 2°C was investigated. Losses in
anthocyanins and ascorbic acid were very small during 12 weeks storage at 4°C as
compared to 27°C and 40°C. Higher temperature caused anthocyanin degradation
more rapidly. The addition of sodium metabisulphite in roselle juice slowed down the
loss of anthocyanins and correspondingly decreased the rate of polymeric colour.Addition of cysteine hydrochloride had only slight effect on colour stability and
addition of ascorbic acid seemed to increase the degradation on anthocyanin contents.
Addition of cysteine hydrochloride in roselle juice prevents ascorbic acid loss during
storage. |
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